Title	The Effect of First Pre-Amplifier Gain to the BER Performance in Restored Metro Ring Network
Author	Mohammad Syuhaimi Ab-Rahman
Citation	Vol. 8  No. 12  pp. 267-270
Keywords	EDFA, gain, first amplifier, BER, ring network, restoration

Title	Shape Representation and Retrieval Using Radial Basis Probabilistic Neural Networks
Author	Zyad Shaaban, Thawar Arif
Citation	Vol. 8  No. 12  pp. 271-279
Keywords	Shape retrieval, distance transformation, neural networks, image contour, moment invariants

Title	Performance Evaluation of Symmetric Encryption Algorithms
Author	Diaa Salama Abdul. Elminaam, Hatem Mohamed Abdul Kader, Mohie Mohamed Hadhoud
Citation	Vol. 8  No. 12  pp. 280-286
Keywords	Encryption techniques, Computer security, AES, DES, RC2, 3DES, Blowfish, RC6

Title	A Complex Artificial Immune System and Its Immunity
Author	Wei Wang, Shangce Gao, Fangjia Li, Zheng Tang
Citation	Vol. 8  No. 12  pp. 287-295
Keywords	complex, artificial immune system, immune response, pattern recognition, translation recognition