Abstract
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The article expands the theory of identification of persons and objects with new terms and views. The innovated terminology allows for a uniform description of electronic identification systems, such as building access systems, data service access systems, and searching systems. According to the article, there are three methods of identification: presentation, authentication, and determination. The main focus is on verification methods, which are authentication and determination. The article proposes a classification of verification techniques according to entity type and proving factor type. These include verification using bio-metrics, passwords, techmetrics, and passkeys. Each of these techniques is formally described according to a uniform model, and its development and current status are presented. From the perspective of multi-factor verification techniques, the article also introduces the concepts of direct, witness and aggregated verification.
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