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Title |
The Accessibility of Taif University Blackboard for Visually Impaired Students |
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Author |
Mrim Alnfiai and Wajdi Alhakami |
| Citation |
Vol. 21 No. 7 pp. 258-268 |
|
Abstract |
Online learning systems are becoming an effective educational medium for many universities. The accessibility of online learning system in universities means that every student, including the visually impaired, is able use all the site’s services. This research focuses on investigating the accessibility of online learning systems for visually impaired users. The paper purpose is to understand the perception of visually impaired undergraduate students towards Blackboard’s accessibility and to make recommendations for a new Blackboard design with accessible features that support their needs. Impact of a new Blackboard design with accessible features on visually impaired students, using Taif University students as a case study is evaluated in this paper, as it is similar to most learning systems used by Saudi universities. A study on Taif University’s utilization of Blackboard was conducted using mixed method approaches (an automatic tool and a user study). In the first phase, Taif’s use of Blackboard was evaluated by the web accessibility tool called AChecker. In the second phase, we conducted a user study to verify previously discovered accessibility challenges to fully assess them according to the accessibility and usability guidelines. In this study, the accessibility of Taif University’s Blackboard was evaluated by thirteen visually impaired undergraduate students. The results of the study show that Blackboard has accessibility issues, which are confusing navigation, incompatibility with assistive technologies, untitled pages or parts, unclear identification for visual elements, and inaccessible PDF files. This paper also introduces a set of recommendations that aim to improve the accessibility of Blackboard and other educational websites developed for this population. It also highlights the serious need for universities to enhance web accessibility for online learning systems for students with disabilities. |
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Keywords |
Accessibility; Website; Blind Students; Blackboard; Visually Impaired People; Screen Reader; Navigation; Assistive Technology. |
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URL |
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|
Title |
The Accessibility of Taif University Blackboard for Visually Impaired Students |
|
Author |
Mrim Alnfiai and Wajdi Alhakami |
| Citation |
Vol. 21 No. 7 pp. 258-268 |
|
Abstract |
Online learning systems are becoming an effective educational medium for many universities. The accessibility of online learning system in universities means that every student, including the visually impaired, is able use all the site’s services. This research focuses on investigating the accessibility of online learning systems for visually impaired users. The paper purpose is to understand the perception of visually impaired undergraduate students towards Blackboard’s accessibility and to make recommendations for a new Blackboard design with accessible features that support their needs. Impact of a new Blackboard design with accessible features on visually impaired students, using Taif University students as a case study is evaluated in this paper, as it is similar to most learning systems used by Saudi universities. A study on Taif University’s utilization of Blackboard was conducted using mixed method approaches (an automatic tool and a user study). In the first phase, Taif’s use of Blackboard was evaluated by the web accessibility tool called AChecker. In the second phase, we conducted a user study to verify previously discovered accessibility challenges to fully assess them according to the accessibility and usability guidelines. In this study, the accessibility of Taif University’s Blackboard was evaluated by thirteen visually impaired undergraduate students. The results of the study show that Blackboard has accessibility issues, which are confusing navigation, incompatibility with assistive technologies, untitled pages or parts, unclear identification for visual elements, and inaccessible PDF files. This paper also introduces a set of recommendations that aim to improve the accessibility of Blackboard and other educational websites developed for this population. It also highlights the serious need for universities to enhance web accessibility for online learning systems for students with disabilities. |
|
Keywords |
Accessibility; Website; Blind Students; Blackboard; Visually Impaired People; Screen Reader; Navigation; Assistive Technology. |
|
URL |
|
|
Title |
The Accessibility of Taif University Blackboard for Visually Impaired Students |
|
Author |
Mrim Alnfiai and Wajdi Alhakami |
| Citation |
Vol. 21 No. 7 pp. 258-268 |
|
Abstract |
Online learning systems are becoming an effective educational medium for many universities. The accessibility of online learning system in universities means that every student, including the visually impaired, is able use all the site’s services. This research focuses on investigating the accessibility of online learning systems for visually impaired users. The paper purpose is to understand the perception of visually impaired undergraduate students towards Blackboard’s accessibility and to make recommendations for a new Blackboard design with accessible features that support their needs. Impact of a new Blackboard design with accessible features on visually impaired students, using Taif University students as a case study is evaluated in this paper, as it is similar to most learning systems used by Saudi universities. A study on Taif University’s utilization of Blackboard was conducted using mixed method approaches (an automatic tool and a user study). In the first phase, Taif’s use of Blackboard was evaluated by the web accessibility tool called AChecker. In the second phase, we conducted a user study to verify previously discovered accessibility challenges to fully assess them according to the accessibility and usability guidelines. In this study, the accessibility of Taif University’s Blackboard was evaluated by thirteen visually impaired undergraduate students. The results of the study show that Blackboard has accessibility issues, which are confusing navigation, incompatibility with assistive technologies, untitled pages or parts, unclear identification for visual elements, and inaccessible PDF files. This paper also introduces a set of recommendations that aim to improve the accessibility of Blackboard and other educational websites developed for this population. It also highlights the serious need for universities to enhance web accessibility for online learning systems for students with disabilities. |
|
Keywords |
Accessibility; Website; Blind Students; Blackboard; Visually Impaired People; Screen Reader; Navigation; Assistive Technology. |
|
URL |
|
|
Title |
The Accessibility of Taif University Blackboard for Visually Impaired Students |
|
Author |
Mrim Alnfiai and Wajdi Alhakami |
| Citation |
Vol. 21 No. 7 pp. 258-268 |
|
Abstract |
Online learning systems are becoming an effective educational medium for many universities. The accessibility of online learning system in universities means that every student, including the visually impaired, is able use all the site’s services. This research focuses on investigating the accessibility of online learning systems for visually impaired users. The paper purpose is to understand the perception of visually impaired undergraduate students towards Blackboard’s accessibility and to make recommendations for a new Blackboard design with accessible features that support their needs. Impact of a new Blackboard design with accessible features on visually impaired students, using Taif University students as a case study is evaluated in this paper, as it is similar to most learning systems used by Saudi universities. A study on Taif University’s utilization of Blackboard was conducted using mixed method approaches (an automatic tool and a user study). In the first phase, Taif’s use of Blackboard was evaluated by the web accessibility tool called AChecker. In the second phase, we conducted a user study to verify previously discovered accessibility challenges to fully assess them according to the accessibility and usability guidelines. In this study, the accessibility of Taif University’s Blackboard was evaluated by thirteen visually impaired undergraduate students. The results of the study show that Blackboard has accessibility issues, which are confusing navigation, incompatibility with assistive technologies, untitled pages or parts, unclear identification for visual elements, and inaccessible PDF files. This paper also introduces a set of recommendations that aim to improve the accessibility of Blackboard and other educational websites developed for this population. It also highlights the serious need for universities to enhance web accessibility for online learning systems for students with disabilities. |
|
Keywords |
Accessibility; Website; Blind Students; Blackboard; Visually Impaired People; Screen Reader; Navigation; Assistive Technology. |
|
URL |
|
|
Title |
The Accessibility of Taif University Blackboard for Visually Impaired Students |
|
Author |
Mrim Alnfiai and Wajdi Alhakami |
| Citation |
Vol. 21 No. 7 pp. 258-268 |
|
Abstract |
Online learning systems are becoming an effective educational medium for many universities. The accessibility of online learning system in universities means that every student, including the visually impaired, is able use all the site’s services. This research focuses on investigating the accessibility of online learning systems for visually impaired users. The paper purpose is to understand the perception of visually impaired undergraduate students towards Blackboard’s accessibility and to make recommendations for a new Blackboard design with accessible features that support their needs. Impact of a new Blackboard design with accessible features on visually impaired students, using Taif University students as a case study is evaluated in this paper, as it is similar to most learning systems used by Saudi universities. A study on Taif University’s utilization of Blackboard was conducted using mixed method approaches (an automatic tool and a user study). In the first phase, Taif’s use of Blackboard was evaluated by the web accessibility tool called AChecker. In the second phase, we conducted a user study to verify previously discovered accessibility challenges to fully assess them according to the accessibility and usability guidelines. In this study, the accessibility of Taif University’s Blackboard was evaluated by thirteen visually impaired undergraduate students. The results of the study show that Blackboard has accessibility issues, which are confusing navigation, incompatibility with assistive technologies, untitled pages or parts, unclear identification for visual elements, and inaccessible PDF files. This paper also introduces a set of recommendations that aim to improve the accessibility of Blackboard and other educational websites developed for this population. It also highlights the serious need for universities to enhance web accessibility for online learning systems for students with disabilities. |
|
Keywords |
Accessibility; Website; Blind Students; Blackboard; Visually Impaired People; Screen Reader; Navigation; Assistive Technology. |
|
URL |
|
|
Title |
The Accessibility of Taif University Blackboard for Visually Impaired Students |
|
Author |
Mrim Alnfiai and Wajdi Alhakami |
| Citation |
Vol. 21 No. 7 pp. 258-268 |
|
Abstract |
Online learning systems are becoming an effective educational medium for many universities. The accessibility of online learning system in universities means that every student, including the visually impaired, is able use all the site’s services. This research focuses on investigating the accessibility of online learning systems for visually impaired users. The paper purpose is to understand the perception of visually impaired undergraduate students towards Blackboard’s accessibility and to make recommendations for a new Blackboard design with accessible features that support their needs. Impact of a new Blackboard design with accessible features on visually impaired students, using Taif University students as a case study is evaluated in this paper, as it is similar to most learning systems used by Saudi universities. A study on Taif University’s utilization of Blackboard was conducted using mixed method approaches (an automatic tool and a user study). In the first phase, Taif’s use of Blackboard was evaluated by the web accessibility tool called AChecker. In the second phase, we conducted a user study to verify previously discovered accessibility challenges to fully assess them according to the accessibility and usability guidelines. In this study, the accessibility of Taif University’s Blackboard was evaluated by thirteen visually impaired undergraduate students. The results of the study show that Blackboard has accessibility issues, which are confusing navigation, incompatibility with assistive technologies, untitled pages or parts, unclear identification for visual elements, and inaccessible PDF files. This paper also introduces a set of recommendations that aim to improve the accessibility of Blackboard and other educational websites developed for this population. It also highlights the serious need for universities to enhance web accessibility for online learning systems for students with disabilities. |
|
Keywords |
Accessibility; Website; Blind Students; Blackboard; Visually Impaired People; Screen Reader; Navigation; Assistive Technology. |
|
URL |
|
|
Title |
The Accessibility of Taif University Blackboard for Visually Impaired Students |
|
Author |
Mrim Alnfiai and Wajdi Alhakami |
| Citation |
Vol. 21 No. 7 pp. 258-268 |
|
Abstract |
Online learning systems are becoming an effective educational medium for many universities. The accessibility of online learning system in universities means that every student, including the visually impaired, is able use all the site’s services. This research focuses on investigating the accessibility of online learning systems for visually impaired users. The paper purpose is to understand the perception of visually impaired undergraduate students towards Blackboard’s accessibility and to make recommendations for a new Blackboard design with accessible features that support their needs. Impact of a new Blackboard design with accessible features on visually impaired students, using Taif University students as a case study is evaluated in this paper, as it is similar to most learning systems used by Saudi universities. A study on Taif University’s utilization of Blackboard was conducted using mixed method approaches (an automatic tool and a user study). In the first phase, Taif’s use of Blackboard was evaluated by the web accessibility tool called AChecker. In the second phase, we conducted a user study to verify previously discovered accessibility challenges to fully assess them according to the accessibility and usability guidelines. In this study, the accessibility of Taif University’s Blackboard was evaluated by thirteen visually impaired undergraduate students. The results of the study show that Blackboard has accessibility issues, which are confusing navigation, incompatibility with assistive technologies, untitled pages or parts, unclear identification for visual elements, and inaccessible PDF files. This paper also introduces a set of recommendations that aim to improve the accessibility of Blackboard and other educational websites developed for this population. It also highlights the serious need for universities to enhance web accessibility for online learning systems for students with disabilities. |
|
Keywords |
Accessibility; Website; Blind Students; Blackboard; Visually Impaired People; Screen Reader; Navigation; Assistive Technology. |
|
URL |
|
|
Title |
The Accessibility of Taif University Blackboard for Visually Impaired Students |
|
Author |
Mrim Alnfiai and Wajdi Alhakami |
| Citation |
Vol. 21 No. 7 pp. 258-268 |
|
Abstract |
Online learning systems are becoming an effective educational medium for many universities. The accessibility of online learning system in universities means that every student, including the visually impaired, is able use all the site’s services. This research focuses on investigating the accessibility of online learning systems for visually impaired users. The paper purpose is to understand the perception of visually impaired undergraduate students towards Blackboard’s accessibility and to make recommendations for a new Blackboard design with accessible features that support their needs. Impact of a new Blackboard design with accessible features on visually impaired students, using Taif University students as a case study is evaluated in this paper, as it is similar to most learning systems used by Saudi universities. A study on Taif University’s utilization of Blackboard was conducted using mixed method approaches (an automatic tool and a user study). In the first phase, Taif’s use of Blackboard was evaluated by the web accessibility tool called AChecker. In the second phase, we conducted a user study to verify previously discovered accessibility challenges to fully assess them according to the accessibility and usability guidelines. In this study, the accessibility of Taif University’s Blackboard was evaluated by thirteen visually impaired undergraduate students. The results of the study show that Blackboard has accessibility issues, which are confusing navigation, incompatibility with assistive technologies, untitled pages or parts, unclear identification for visual elements, and inaccessible PDF files. This paper also introduces a set of recommendations that aim to improve the accessibility of Blackboard and other educational websites developed for this population. It also highlights the serious need for universities to enhance web accessibility for online learning systems for students with disabilities. |
|
Keywords |
Accessibility; Website; Blind Students; Blackboard; Visually Impaired People; Screen Reader; Navigation; Assistive Technology. |
|
URL |
|
|
Title |
The Accessibility of Taif University Blackboard for Visually Impaired Students |
|
Author |
Mrim Alnfiai and Wajdi Alhakami |
| Citation |
Vol. 21 No. 7 pp. 258-268 |
|
Abstract |
Online learning systems are becoming an effective educational medium for many universities. The accessibility of online learning system in universities means that every student, including the visually impaired, is able use all the site’s services. This research focuses on investigating the accessibility of online learning systems for visually impaired users. The paper purpose is to understand the perception of visually impaired undergraduate students towards Blackboard’s accessibility and to make recommendations for a new Blackboard design with accessible features that support their needs. Impact of a new Blackboard design with accessible features on visually impaired students, using Taif University students as a case study is evaluated in this paper, as it is similar to most learning systems used by Saudi universities. A study on Taif University’s utilization of Blackboard was conducted using mixed method approaches (an automatic tool and a user study). In the first phase, Taif’s use of Blackboard was evaluated by the web accessibility tool called AChecker. In the second phase, we conducted a user study to verify previously discovered accessibility challenges to fully assess them according to the accessibility and usability guidelines. In this study, the accessibility of Taif University’s Blackboard was evaluated by thirteen visually impaired undergraduate students. The results of the study show that Blackboard has accessibility issues, which are confusing navigation, incompatibility with assistive technologies, untitled pages or parts, unclear identification for visual elements, and inaccessible PDF files. This paper also introduces a set of recommendations that aim to improve the accessibility of Blackboard and other educational websites developed for this population. It also highlights the serious need for universities to enhance web accessibility for online learning systems for students with disabilities. |
|
Keywords |
Accessibility; Website; Blind Students; Blackboard; Visually Impaired People; Screen Reader; Navigation; Assistive Technology. |
|
URL |
|
|
Title |
The Accessibility of Taif University Blackboard for Visually Impaired Students |
|
Author |
Mrim Alnfiai and Wajdi Alhakami |
| Citation |
Vol. 21 No. 7 pp. 258-268 |
|
Abstract |
Online learning systems are becoming an effective educational medium for many universities. The accessibility of online learning system in universities means that every student, including the visually impaired, is able use all the site’s services. This research focuses on investigating the accessibility of online learning systems for visually impaired users. The paper purpose is to understand the perception of visually impaired undergraduate students towards Blackboard’s accessibility and to make recommendations for a new Blackboard design with accessible features that support their needs. Impact of a new Blackboard design with accessible features on visually impaired students, using Taif University students as a case study is evaluated in this paper, as it is similar to most learning systems used by Saudi universities. A study on Taif University’s utilization of Blackboard was conducted using mixed method approaches (an automatic tool and a user study). In the first phase, Taif’s use of Blackboard was evaluated by the web accessibility tool called AChecker. In the second phase, we conducted a user study to verify previously discovered accessibility challenges to fully assess them according to the accessibility and usability guidelines. In this study, the accessibility of Taif University’s Blackboard was evaluated by thirteen visually impaired undergraduate students. The results of the study show that Blackboard has accessibility issues, which are confusing navigation, incompatibility with assistive technologies, untitled pages or parts, unclear identification for visual elements, and inaccessible PDF files. This paper also introduces a set of recommendations that aim to improve the accessibility of Blackboard and other educational websites developed for this population. It also highlights the serious need for universities to enhance web accessibility for online learning systems for students with disabilities. |
|
Keywords |
Accessibility; Website; Blind Students; Blackboard; Visually Impaired People; Screen Reader; Navigation; Assistive Technology. |
|
URL |
|
|
Title |
The Accessibility of Taif University Blackboard for Visually Impaired Students |
|
Author |
Mrim Alnfiai and Wajdi Alhakami |
| Citation |
Vol. 21 No. 7 pp. 258-268 |
|
Abstract |
Online learning systems are becoming an effective educational medium for many universities. The accessibility of online learning system in universities means that every student, including the visually impaired, is able use all the site’s services. This research focuses on investigating the accessibility of online learning systems for visually impaired users. The paper purpose is to understand the perception of visually impaired undergraduate students towards Blackboard’s accessibility and to make recommendations for a new Blackboard design with accessible features that support their needs. Impact of a new Blackboard design with accessible features on visually impaired students, using Taif University students as a case study is evaluated in this paper, as it is similar to most learning systems used by Saudi universities. A study on Taif University’s utilization of Blackboard was conducted using mixed method approaches (an automatic tool and a user study). In the first phase, Taif’s use of Blackboard was evaluated by the web accessibility tool called AChecker. In the second phase, we conducted a user study to verify previously discovered accessibility challenges to fully assess them according to the accessibility and usability guidelines. In this study, the accessibility of Taif University’s Blackboard was evaluated by thirteen visually impaired undergraduate students. The results of the study show that Blackboard has accessibility issues, which are confusing navigation, incompatibility with assistive technologies, untitled pages or parts, unclear identification for visual elements, and inaccessible PDF files. This paper also introduces a set of recommendations that aim to improve the accessibility of Blackboard and other educational websites developed for this population. It also highlights the serious need for universities to enhance web accessibility for online learning systems for students with disabilities. |
|
Keywords |
Accessibility; Website; Blind Students; Blackboard; Visually Impaired People; Screen Reader; Navigation; Assistive Technology. |
|
URL |
|
|
Title |
The Accessibility of Taif University Blackboard for Visually Impaired Students |
|
Author |
Mrim Alnfiai and Wajdi Alhakami |
| Citation |
Vol. 21 No. 7 pp. 258-268 |
|
Abstract |
Online learning systems are becoming an effective educational medium for many universities. The accessibility of online learning system in universities means that every student, including the visually impaired, is able use all the site’s services. This research focuses on investigating the accessibility of online learning systems for visually impaired users. The paper purpose is to understand the perception of visually impaired undergraduate students towards Blackboard’s accessibility and to make recommendations for a new Blackboard design with accessible features that support their needs. Impact of a new Blackboard design with accessible features on visually impaired students, using Taif University students as a case study is evaluated in this paper, as it is similar to most learning systems used by Saudi universities. A study on Taif University’s utilization of Blackboard was conducted using mixed method approaches (an automatic tool and a user study). In the first phase, Taif’s use of Blackboard was evaluated by the web accessibility tool called AChecker. In the second phase, we conducted a user study to verify previously discovered accessibility challenges to fully assess them according to the accessibility and usability guidelines. In this study, the accessibility of Taif University’s Blackboard was evaluated by thirteen visually impaired undergraduate students. The results of the study show that Blackboard has accessibility issues, which are confusing navigation, incompatibility with assistive technologies, untitled pages or parts, unclear identification for visual elements, and inaccessible PDF files. This paper also introduces a set of recommendations that aim to improve the accessibility of Blackboard and other educational websites developed for this population. It also highlights the serious need for universities to enhance web accessibility for online learning systems for students with disabilities. |
|
Keywords |
Accessibility; Website; Blind Students; Blackboard; Visually Impaired People; Screen Reader; Navigation; Assistive Technology. |
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URL |
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Title |
Marketing to Competitors’ Customers using Agent based Modelling and Simulation Driven Strategy |
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Author |
Hasan Beyari |
| Citation |
Vol. 21 No. 7 pp. 297-304 |
|
Abstract |
In a duopoly situation, one firm can gain competitive advantage by attracting the price-sensitive customers from its competitor leading to higher profits through higher sale revenue for the competing company. A simulation study in which there are two electric car manufacturers with agent based modelling was conducted in order to verify this contention. The first step consisted of defining the baseline. Simulations of 1000 times and agent-based modelling were conducted with the assumption that company 1 reduced its price to the maximum of 20% thereby contributing to the switch-over of a maximum of 40% of the price sensitive customers of company 2. The results of 1000 simulations and agent-based modelling highlighted that price reduction by company 1 resulted in a significant increase in the number of customers, presumably due to switch-over from company 2 and there was a corresponding increase in revenues from both of the sales avenues. Thus, Company 1 achieved competitive advantage by marketing its cars to the customers of Company 2 using price reduction strategy to attract them. This study has ramifications for companies that aim to sway the price sensitive customers from a competitor. |
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Keywords |
Enterprise performance improvement, agent based modelling, simulation, marketing systems, marketing campaigns |
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URL |
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Title |
Marketing to Competitors’ Customers using Agent based Modelling and Simulation Driven Strategy |
|
Author |
Hasan Beyari |
| Citation |
Vol. 21 No. 7 pp. 297-304 |
|
Abstract |
In a duopoly situation, one firm can gain competitive advantage by attracting the price-sensitive customers from its competitor leading to higher profits through higher sale revenue for the competing company. A simulation study in which there are two electric car manufacturers with agent based modelling was conducted in order to verify this contention. The first step consisted of defining the baseline. Simulations of 1000 times and agent-based modelling were conducted with the assumption that company 1 reduced its price to the maximum of 20% thereby contributing to the switch-over of a maximum of 40% of the price sensitive customers of company 2. The results of 1000 simulations and agent-based modelling highlighted that price reduction by company 1 resulted in a significant increase in the number of customers, presumably due to switch-over from company 2 and there was a corresponding increase in revenues from both of the sales avenues. Thus, Company 1 achieved competitive advantage by marketing its cars to the customers of Company 2 using price reduction strategy to attract them. This study has ramifications for companies that aim to sway the price sensitive customers from a competitor. |
|
Keywords |
Enterprise performance improvement, agent based modelling, simulation, marketing systems, marketing campaigns |
|
URL |
|
|
Title |
Marketing to Competitors’ Customers using Agent based Modelling and Simulation Driven Strategy |
|
Author |
Hasan Beyari |
| Citation |
Vol. 21 No. 7 pp. 297-304 |
|
Abstract |
In a duopoly situation, one firm can gain competitive advantage by attracting the price-sensitive customers from its competitor leading to higher profits through higher sale revenue for the competing company. A simulation study in which there are two electric car manufacturers with agent based modelling was conducted in order to verify this contention. The first step consisted of defining the baseline. Simulations of 1000 times and agent-based modelling were conducted with the assumption that company 1 reduced its price to the maximum of 20% thereby contributing to the switch-over of a maximum of 40% of the price sensitive customers of company 2. The results of 1000 simulations and agent-based modelling highlighted that price reduction by company 1 resulted in a significant increase in the number of customers, presumably due to switch-over from company 2 and there was a corresponding increase in revenues from both of the sales avenues. Thus, Company 1 achieved competitive advantage by marketing its cars to the customers of Company 2 using price reduction strategy to attract them. This study has ramifications for companies that aim to sway the price sensitive customers from a competitor. |
|
Keywords |
Enterprise performance improvement, agent based modelling, simulation, marketing systems, marketing campaigns |
|
URL |
