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Title |
An Application of Principal Component Analysis for the Temporal Variations in Water Quality Data of Manora Channel: Karachi |
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Author |
Sidrah Ghayas, Junaid Sagheer Siddiquie, Suboohi Safdar, Asif Mansoor |
| Citation |
Vol. 19 No. 5 pp. 1-8 |
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Abstract |
The most important area of the port is the Manora channel, where the Arabian Sea is connected to the city of Karachi. The significance is in both economical and ecological means as it covers the area of 7.17 km2. The current water quality aspects of the critical deteriorating conditions of Manora channel are due to multiple factors examples are domestic wastages, sewages effluents and industrial pollutants. This study is intended to account the temporal variations and respective conditions of the water quality of Manora channel during the time period of 1996 to 2014 for the selected certain chemical parameters BCO3, COD, pH, Cl, NH3, BOD and SO4 which have been split in all four different seasons of Karachi to explore. Principal component analysis is employed to explore the dimensions responsible most for the temporal variations. This is to be done seasonal wise. Three varifactors are resulted for the summer and winter season, two varifactors are resulted for the autumn and summer season. High factor loadings of BOD and COD contributes the most in all four seasons, then NH3 and pH are responsible for the water quality variation in all seasons. In this manner, Nutrient factors and agricultural runoff and sewage effluents are the sources of pollutants in all four seasons which affects the marine ecosystems and marine lives mainly. |
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Keywords |
Seasonal variations, pollutants, water quality, factor analysis, industrial effluents, chemical parameters, waste water. |
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